Schemat szczegóły

Description scheme

Part I. General information

The table below includes information which is not specific to particular variants of a loanword.

LOANWORD	The entry-word of our ‘loanword dictionary'.
VARIANTS	A list of variants, each of which is described separately in Part II. Marked or rarer variants are indicated as such.
DEFINITION	Designative meaning only.
EXTRA-LINGUISTIC INFORMATION	Historical facts, cultural background, etc.
USAGE	Other aspects of meaning and use: affective meaning, stylistic features, restrictions on usage, normative issues.
OTHER MEANINGS	Other current meanings of the same word.
ETYMOLOGY/STRUCTURE	Etymological information, morphological structure, sound/letter symbolism, associations with similar words, folk etymology.
WORD HISTORY	When and where first attested. Subsequent changes in meaning and use.
MULTI-WORD EXPRESSION	Phrases of different degree of idiomaticity, e.g. idioms, technical terms, proverbs, catch-phrases. In sum, units reproduced from memory rather than produced from their components.
DERIVATIVES	Both simple and compound, with additional information where needed.

Part II. Variants

The table below applies to variant spellings of a loanword. Each variant has its own table. If a loanword has no variant spellings, the table is used to describe its only spelling.

VARIANT
PRONUNCIATION
GRAMMAR
FREQUENCY	Per million words.
EXTRA-LINGUISTIC INFORMATION	Only when specific to a given variant.
USAGE	Only when specific to a given variant.
OTHER MEANINGS	Only when specific to a given variant.
ETYMOLOGY/STRUCTURE	Only when specific to a given variant.
COLLOCATIONS	Based on corpus data, occasionally supplemented by means of other sources.
EXAMPLES	Citations from corpora, with authors, titles and dates specified.
MULTI-WORD EXPRESSION	Only when specific to a given variant.
DERIVATIVES	Only when specific to a given variant.

Part III. Synonyms

The table below applies to particular synonyms of a loanword. Each synonym is described in its own table. If a synonym happens to have variants, they are treated together in one table and usually in the same field (except for pronunciation, grammatical features and frequency, which have separate fields for different variants).

SYNONYM	If a synonym has its own variants, this field and the three subfields below are iterated.
PRONUNCIATION
GRAMMAR
FREQUENCY	Per million words.
DEFINITION	Designative meaning only.
EXTRA-LINGUISTIC INFORMATION	Historical facts, cultural background, etc.
USAGE	Other aspects of meaning and use: affective meaning, stylistic features, restrictions on usage, normative issues.
OTHER MEANINGS	Other current meanings of the same word.
ETYMOLOGY/STRUCTURE	Etymological information, morphological structure, sound/letter symbolism, associations with similar words, folk etymology.
WORD HISTORY	When and where first attested. Subsequent changes in meaning and use.
COLLOCATIONS	Based on corpus data, occasionally supplemented by means of other sources.
EXAMPLES	Citations from corpora, with authors, titles and dates specified.
MULTI-WORD EXPRESSION	Phrases of different degree of idiomaticity, e.g. idioms, technical terms, proverbs, catch-phrases. In sum, units reproduced from memory rather than produced from their components.
DERIVATIVES	Both simple and compound, with additional information where needed.

Part IV. General discussion

GENERAL DISCUSSION	Unstructured field for comparative analysis, summary information, conclusions, etc.
REFERENCES	Bibliographical notes.

Source data

For Polish, the basic reference corpus used for investigation is the National Corpus of Polish, http://nkjp.pl. In particular, collocations are generated by means of the PELCRA search-engine, word frequencies are measured against the corpus data, and the majority of illustrative examples come from the corpus. Other sources are mentioned at the end of particular articles.

For Czech, the main source of data is the Czech National Corpus, http://www.korpus.cz. Collocations come from the concordance lists, supplemented with examples from dictionaries listed in the bibliography and possibly from other sources. Word frequencies are measured against the corpus data (particularly with usage of the SYN corpus). Supplementary sources are listed at the end of particular articles.